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Air-wedge shearing interferometer
The air-wedge shearing interferometer is probably the simplest type of interferometer designed to visualize the disturbance of the wavefront after propagation through a test object. This interferometer is based on utilizing a thin wedged air-gap between two optical glass surfaces and can be used with virtually any light source, even with non-coherent white light.
== Setup ==
An air-wedge shearing interferometer is described in〔G.S. Sarkisov, ''Shearing interferometer with an air wedge for electron density diagnostics in a dense plasma'', Instruments and Experimental Techniques, vol.39, No.5, pp.727-731 (1996).〕 and was employed in set of experiments described in.〔G.S. Sarkisov, V.Yu. Bychenkov, V.N. Novikov, V.T. Tikhonchuk, A. Maksimchuk, S.Y. Chen, R. Wagner, G. Mourou, D. Umstadter, ''Self-focusing, channel formation and high-energy ion generation in interaction of an intense short laser pulse with a He jet'', Physical Review E, Vol.59, No.6, pp.7042-7054 (1999).〕〔E.J. Iglesias, R.C. Elton, H.R. Griem, H.A. Scott, Time resolved air-wedge shearing interferometry and spectroscopy on a picoseconds plasma, Revista Mexicana de Fisica, 49, S3, p. 126-129 (2003).〕〔S.V. Granov, V.I. Konov, A.A. Malyutin, O.G. Tsarkova, I.S. Yatskovsky, F. Dausinger, High resolution interferometric diagnostics of plasmas produced by ultrashot laser pulses, Laser Physics, 13, 3, pp.386-396 (2003).〕〔K.U. Hii, K.H. Kwek, Dual-prism interferometer for collimation testing, Appl. Opt. 48(2), pp. 397-400 (2009).〕〔M. Hu, B.R. Kusse, Optical observations of plasma formation and wire core expansion of Au, Ag and Cu wires with 0-1kA per wire, Physics of Plasma, 11, 3, p.1145-1150 (2004).〕〔V.V. Ivanov, V.I. Sotnikov, G.S. Sarkisov, T.E. Cowan, S.N. Bland, B. Jones, C.A. Coverdale, C. Deeney, P.J. Laca, A.L. Astanovitskiy, A. Haboub, Dynamics of mass transport and magnetic fields in low-wire-number-array Z pinches, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 125001 (2006).〕〔V.V. Ivanov, S.D. Altemara, A.A. Astanovitskiy, G.S. Sarkisov, A. Haboub, D. Papp, J.M. Kindel, Development of UV laser probing diagnostics for 1-MA Z-pinch, IEEE Trans. Plasma Phys., 38, 4, pp.574-580 (2010).〕 This interferometer consists of two optical glass wedges (~2-5deg), pushed together and then slightly separated from one side to create a thin air-gap wedge. This air-gap wedge has a unique property- it is very thin (micrometer scale) and it has perfect flatness (~λ/10). There are four nearly equal intensity Fresnel reflections (~4% for refraction coefficient 1.5) from the air-wedge interferometer (Fig.1): 1-2 from the first glass wedge, and 3-4 from the second one. The angle between beams 1-2 and 3-4 is non adjustable and depends only on the glass wedge. The angle between beams 2-3 is easily adjusted by varying the air-wedge angle. The distance between the air-wedge and an image plane should be long enough to spatially separate reflections 1 from 2 and 3 from 4. The overlap of beams 2 and 3 in the image plane creates an interferogram.
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